Sagarthakur_in

 Phylum- porifera  *  ( paros -  pore , ferre ~TO BEAR)      * Commonly called as " spongs ".     General characters  1 porifera  are all aquatic, mostly  marine few terrestrial .  2 The are. Sessile and sedentary & grow like plant.   3. BODY SHAPE : vase or cylinder like . 4 Symmetry:  Asymmetrical or radial.   5 The body surface  is perpforted .by numerous pores,  the ostia through which water  entous the body of one or more large opening .the oscula by which the water exist . 6 They consist of outer ectoderm & inner endoderm with an  intermediate layer of ,mesenchyme ; therefore diploblastic  7 mouth - absent , Digestion ~ intracellular  8  Excautory & respiration  organs are absent  9 contractile vacucles. Are present in some fresh water forms .  10 The sponges are monoecious .   Monoecious-‐》 present male and female reproductive system in (monoecious )  . 11  The nervous & sinsory cell are probably not differential.  12 Reproduction occurs by both sexual

 PROTOZOA.                                     (1st animal) NAMING 》》》 PROTOS : (FRIST) , ZOON :(ANIMAL)                      ORIGIN 》》pre - Cambrian                                      also known as frist animals.                      ``````````````````                            * General characters * 1 A cellular (not dived into cell ) . 2 the term PROTOZOA was called by goldfuss . 3 they simplist and most primitive  ANIMAL having level of oxg . 4 body consist of protoplast mass . 5 they are microscopic, primitive and eukaryotic.   6  habitats; aquatic/ freeliving/parasitic commensal . 7  Body : Asymmetric, Bilateral & radial.  8  Body naked/ covered by pellicle / shell / cyst . 9  Locomotion -- pseupodia ,  flagella , Cilla  sproxogaa.  10 nutrition- - holophytic ,holozoic, saprophytic) parasitic.  11  Digestion- - intracellular, food vocule . 12. Respiration-- diffusion--body surface.  13 Excretion. --  contractile  vacule (water balence )                                   14

 ECOLOGY-----   IS A  BRANCH OF BIOLOGY THAT DEALS WITH THE STUDY OF INTERACTIONS AND INTERRELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ORGANISM AND THEIR ENVIRONMENT  ENVIRONMENT----    comprises lithosphere hydrosphere and atmosphere  The term ECOLOGY was coined by German scientist ERNEST HAECKEL (1869).. 🧿  IMPORTANT OF ECOLOGY  1*) ADAPTATION >>> ALL organism are adapted to their environment they cannot flourish in another environment  2*) CHANGES IN ENVIRONMENT >>》living being bring about chang in there environment like moderation of temperature building of soil, increased humidity periodicity of rain fall etc.. 3*) ATMOSPHERE >>> it I'd.  Not only aprotective shield  over ore planet but also a resource .the same has been built up largely by the activity of living being .degradation of ATMOSPHERE is fought with extrem danger .    4*)  TYPE OF PLANT >>> It provide information as to the types of plant which can be grown in an area ... 5*)  EVERY ORGANISM IS IMPORTANT &

 *AUXIN * .  AUXIN (from Greek 'AUXIN':to grow) was frist isolated  from human  urine  The term 'is applied to the indole -3-acetic Acid (IAA) ,and to other natural and synthetic compound having certain growth regulating properties they are generally product by the growing apices of the stems and roots from where they migrate to the region of their action. AUXIN like IAA. and indole butyric acid (IBA) have been isolated from plants. NAA(naphthalene acetic acid) and 2,4-D(2,-4dicholorophenoxyacetic)are synthetic AUXIN all these AUXINS have been used extensive in agriculture and horticulture practice  They help to initiate rooting in stem  cuttings, an application widely used  for plants  provocation. Auxins promoted flowering e.g.in pineapples they help to prevent fruit and leaf drop at early stage but promoted the abscission of older mature leave and fruits.  In most higher plant ,the growing apical bud inhibits the growth of the leteral (axillary) buds, a phenomenon called

 Biochemical cycle  Bio - biosphere  Geo- geological components  Chemical-  elements  Cycle- move through cycle  The cycling of Chemical elements like carbon,oxygen, nitrogen, water, sulphur &phosphorus  in the biosphere  is called  Biochemical cycle  Part of Biochemical cycle. *   hydrological  cycle  *gaseous cycle  *sedimentary